WARFARE OF 2025 BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to find out the root causes and consequences of the current conflict between the two rivals India and Pakistan. Both countries became independent states in 1947. In 78 years of independence, both countries have fought several wars. Kashmir is a major serious issue between the two countries. After three wars, this issue could not be resolved. If we see that this time the root cause of this current 4-day conflict is the Pahalgam attack of 22 April 2025. Pahalgam is a region of Jammu and Kashmir in India.One day on 22 April 2025, 5 armed militants, allegedly carrying M4 carbines and AK-47s and dressed in military-style uniforms, targeted a group of tourists in the Besran Valley near a popular tourist destination of Pahalgam. According to reports, the militants asked the tourists about their religion and then killed only Hindus and Christians. According to Indian investigations, the attack was carried out by Pakistani militant groups. Pakistan strongly denies this allegation and offers an international investigation. But in response, the Indian army launched its campaign, which included suspending the Indus Water Treaty and launching Operation Sindoor on May 7, and then in response, on May 10, Pakistan launched the Operation Bunyan Marsoos. This paper uses qualitative methodology and analytical approach. because of this war peace in south Asia is totally destroyed, both sides humans are facing crisis as well as countries faces economic crisis.  This paper suggests that war is not a solution to any problem, rather war itself is a huge problem. Pakistan and India should reconsider the CBM and focus on diplomatic methods and maintain peace in the South Asian region.

Keywords: Maritime borders, Operation Sindoor, Operation Bunyan Marsoos, Pahalgam, Pulwama Attacks.