EXPLORING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON FOOD SECURITY: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND ADAPTIVE RESPONSES

Abstract

Climate change is increasingly threatening global food security by disrupting agricultural productivity, food supply chains, and access to essential resources. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and the growing intensity of extreme weather events are placing pressure on already vulnerable food systems. This paper explores the diverse and interconnected effects of climate change on food security, focusing on how changes in crop yields, water availability, and pest behavior impact food availability, accessibility, and utilization. Developing countries, particularly those with high levels of poverty and dependence on agriculture, face the greatest risks. Smallholder farmers, women, and children are disproportionately affected due to limited resources and adaptive capacity. The socio-economic consequences include reduced income, increased food prices, and heightened nutritional insecurity. The study emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable and climate-resilient agricultural practices, such as drought-tolerant crops, improved water management, and soil conservation. It also highlights the importance of policy measures that support adaptation, invest in agricultural research, and strengthen food systems. Collaborative action at local, national, and international levels is essential to build resilience and ensure long-term food security. The findings call for an integrated approach that links climate adaptation, agricultural sustainability, and social equity to effectively respond to the challenges posed by climate change.

Keywords: Climate Change, Food Security, Climate-Smart Agriculture, Resilience, Smallholder Farmers, Adaptation Strategies.