INTEGRATING AGRICULTURE FOR NUTRITION IN PAKISTAN: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF POLICY AND STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS

Abstract

Malnutrition remains a critical public health challenge in Pakistan, particularly in Punjab the nation’s primary agricultural province where high levels of food insecurity coexist with significant agricultural output. This review paper critically examines strategic interventions that aim to bridge agriculture and nutrition through the Punjab Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Strategy. Emphasis is placed on mainstreaming nutrition in agricultural policy, enhancing productivity of nutrient-rich crops, promoting biofortification, and improving access to animal protein. Special attention is given to grassroots initiatives such as kitchen gardening and backyard poultry farming that increase household-level dietary diversity. Additionally, the review highlights cross-cutting themes such as gender mainstreaming, awareness campaigns, and youth involvement in nutrition-sensitive value chains. Despite promising frameworks, major challenges persist, including weak intersectoral coordination, lack of nutrition training among extension staff, and gender inequities in access to resources. The paper concludes that the strategic alignment of agriculture with nutrition goals, reinforced by behavior change and inclusive planning, is essential for improving nutritional outcomes and achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Punjab.