MAPPING THE CRISIS: A CRITICAL LANDSCAPE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

Domestic violence in Pakistan constitutes a widespread human rights and public health emergency, encompassing physical, psychological, sexual, and economic abuse within personal and familial relationships. Grounded in patriarchal norms, imbalanced power dynamics, and economic reliance, it continues to be significantly underreported because to stigma, fear of retribution, and a lack of faith in institutions. This abstract synthesizes national surveys, legal reviews, and policy assessments of the scale, drivers, legal responses, and service deficiencies. Evidence suggests that a significant percentage of ever-married women endure intimate partner violence, with their ability to seek assistance hindered by societal expectations and inadequate referral systems. An effective response necessitates coordinated minimum service standards across provinces; trauma-informed policing and judicial systems; survivor-centric social protection (financial assistance, housing, childcare); and comprehensive, ethical data systems integrating health, justice, and social services. Preventive initiatives—engaging males, integrating teaching on respectful relationships, and collaborating with community and church leaders are essential for altering societal norms. Enhancing accountability, funding, and cross-sector collaboration can convert legislation into tangible safety, mitigate intergenerational harm, and elevate health and economic outcomes for survivors and their families.

Keywords: Domestic Violence, Pakistan, Provincial Laws In Pakistan, Legal Framework, Domestic Violence Act, Protection Orders, Access To Justice, Social Protection.