PAKISTAN-AFGHANISTAN RELATIONS UNDER THE NEO-TALIBAN REGIME

Abstract

The resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan and the establishment of the Neo-Taliban regime in 2021 have redefined regional dynamics, particularly the bilateral relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan. This paper explores the evolving nature of Pakistan–Afghanistan relations in the aftermath of the U.S. withdrawal and the Taliban’s return to power. It examines how Islamabad's historical ties with the Taliban intersect with emerging security concerns, cross-border militancy, refugee pressures, and regional diplomacy. While Pakistan initially perceived the regime change as a strategic opportunity, the increasing instability along the Durand Line, the rise of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), and Kabul’s independent foreign policy posture have strained bilateral relations. Drawing on official statements, policy shifts, and regional responses, the study highlights the paradoxes and policy dilemmas faced by Pakistan in navigating its complex engagement with the Taliban-led Afghanistan. The paper concludes that while ideological and historical linkages remain, pragmatic considerations, security, sovereignty, and regional connectivity are now shaping a more cautious and contested bilateral relationship.