Selective SDG Implementation, Grievances, and Terrorism in Pakistan: A Critical Discourse Analysis of National Policy Frameworks

Abstract

This study examines how Pakistan’s National Policy discourse positions the relationship between SDGs, grievances, and terrorism. Using qualitative content analysis framed by critical discourse analysis, examining key policy and planning documents, including Vision 2025, the National SDG Framework, the National Security Policy, the National Action Plan, against terrorism, and selective Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP) summaries. The finding shows a clear preference for security and growth focused goals, especially SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) and SDG8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), whereas SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) are mentioned less seriously and receive limited attention. In National Policy Discourse, terrorism is mainly presented as a serious threat to national security, whereas socio-economic, regional and identity-based grievances are discussed only in abstract or depoliticized terms. These findings suggest that selective SDG implementation allow structural grievances to persist, which can give rise to instability, highlighting the need for adopting integrated and inclusive development and security approaches in Pakistan

Keywords: Selective SDG Implementation; Grievance Formation; Terrorism and Security Discourse; Policy Discourse Analysis; Pakistan