Integration of Climate Change Education in Primary Curriculum for Sustainable Development: A Study at Primary Level

Abstract

Climate change has become one of the most pressing global challenges, with a significant impact on environmental stability and human life. Therefore, climate education has become established as a crucial approach to equipping people with the knowledge, skills, and values needed to address environmental problems. This study investigates the degree of integration of climate education into the primary school curriculum, teachers' attitudes and preparedness, and the factors influencing its effective implementation. It also highlights the importance of integrating climate-related concepts across all subjects to foster a deeper understanding and sustainable behavior among young students. A quantitative research methodology was employed, based on a cross-sectional survey of primary school teachers in the Kotli district. A sample of 254 teachers was selected using random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale, validated by experts and tested in a pilot study. The reliability of the instrument was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.611). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, focusing on descriptive statistics. The results show a generally positive perception among teachers regarding the importance and integration of climate education.Teachers demonstrated high levels of confidence when addressing climate-related topics (M = 4.29), and there was broad consensus regarding the benefits of interdisciplinary climate education (M = 4.28). However, challenges such as limited resources and a lack of professional development opportunities were identified as obstacles to effective implementation. The study concludes that, while climate education is integrated to some extent into primary school curricula and teachers demonstrate willingness and positive attitudes, there is a need to improve institutional support, expand teacher training, and optimize resource allocation. These findings provide valuable information for policymakers, curriculum developers, and educators to strengthen the implementation of climate education and promote environmentally responsible behaviors in future generations.

Keywords: Climate Change,  Education, Primary Curricula